The city serves as a gateway to the patients of the Kumaun, Rohilkhand and West Nepal region. In the vedic period Bareilly was famous for Ayurvedic treatment. The practitioners of that period promoted the cultivation of Aonla, popularly known as Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica, syn. Emblica officinalis) at the outskirts of Bareilly, leading the entire area to be named Aonla. One Ayurvedic practitioner of Bareilly was Late Shri Vaidya Narottam Tripathi. Another town now called Baheri was solely dependent on the cultivation of Terminalia belerica – Bahera; and eventually was named for the plants grown there. Another famous town of Bareilly is Haroda. It traditionally grew Harrada medicinal plants, scientifically known as Terminalia chebula (also as Bal Harad, or Choti Harra). In the Medieval period Muslim rulers promoted an Ancient Unani treatment called Hikmat, Tibb or Tibia. Certain families became famous for their diagnostic skills and were eventually awarded titles of Hakim-ul-Mulk (Doctor of the Country) by the Rohilla rulers.

The term Rohilla is derived from the Pashtu Roh, meaning mountain, literally a mountain air and was used by the Baluch and Jats of the Derajat region to refer to the Pashtun mountains tribes of Loralai, Zhob and Waziristan regions. The Muslims in the area are chiefly the descendants of Yousafzai Afghans tribe of Pashtuns, called the Rohilla Pathans of the Mandanh sub-section, (other Pashtuns also became part of the community), who settled in the country about the year 1720. Rohilla’s Sardar like Daud Khan, Ali Muhammad Khan and Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech were from the Afghan tribe the Barech, who were originally from the Kandahar Province of Afghanistan. In Uttar Pradesh, it was used for all Pashtuns, except for the Shia Bangashes who settled in the Rohilkhand region, or men serving under Rohilla chiefs. Rohillas were distinguished by their separate language and culture. They spoke Pashto with each other but gradually lost their language over time and now converse in Urdu. Bishop Heber described them as

Rohilkhand (under Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech) was on the on the winning side at the Third Battle of Panipat of 1761 and successfully blocked the expansion of the Maratha Empire into north India. In 1772 Rohilkhand was invaded by the Marathas; however the Nawabs of Awadh came to the aid of the Rohillas in repulsing the invasion. After the war Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula demanded payment for their help from the Rohilla chief, Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech. When the demand was refused the Nawab joined with the British under Governor Warren Hastings and his Commander-in-Chief, Alexander Champion, to invade Rohilkhand. The combined forces of Shuja-ud Daulah, the Nawab of Awadh and the Company’s forces led by Colonel Champion defeated Hafiz Rahmat Ali Khan in 1774. Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech was killed in the ensuing battle at Miranpur Katra in 1774. His death ended the period of Rohilla rule.

After the Rohilla War, the change of the power structure did little to soothe the strife torn area; rather the change aggravated a precarious state of affairs. There was a general spirit of discontent throughout the district. In 1812, an inordinate enhancement in the revenue demand and then in 1814 the imposition of a new house tax caused further resentment against the British. “Business stood still, shops were shut and multitudes assembled near the courthouse to petition for the abolition of the tax.” The Magistrate, Dembleton, already unpopular, made things worse by ordering the assessment to be made by a Kotwal. A skirmish took place between the rebel masses and the sepoys under Captain Cunningham, costing three or four hundred lives. In 1818, Glyn was posted as Acting Judge and the Magistrate of Bareilly and the Joint Magistrate of Bulundshahr.

28°10’N 78°23’E and lies in northern India. On its eastern border are Pilibhit and Shahjahanpur and Rampur on the west, Udham Singh Nagar (Uttarakhand) in North and Badaun in South. It is level terrain, watered by many streams and generally slopes towards the south. The soil is fertile and highly cultivated, groves of trees abound and the villages are neat and prosperous. A tract of forest jungle, called the tarai, stretches along the extreme north of the district and hosts large game, such as tiger, bear, deer and wild pig. The river Sarda or Gogra forms the eastern boundary and is the principal stream. Next in importance is the Ramganga, which receives as its tributaries most of the hill torrents of the Kumaon mountains. The Deoha is another drainage artery and receives many minor streams. The Gomati or Gumti passes through the district.

Bareilly (Rohilkhand) was a major centre during The Indian Rebellion of 1857 (also known as India’s First War of Independence). The Rebellion began as a mutiny of native soldiers (sepoys) employed by the British East India Company’s army against race- and religion-based injustices and inequities, on 10 May 1857, in the town of Meerut. It soon erupted into other mutinies and civilian rebellions mainly in north-central India along the major river valleys (See red annotated locations on Map at right) but with local episodes extending both northwest to Peshawar on the north-west frontier with Afghanistan and southeast beyond Delhi. Communal hatred led to ugly riots in many parts of Uttar Pradesh. The green flag was hoisted and Muslims in Bareilly, Bijnor, Moradabad and other places shouted for the revival of a Muslim kingdom.

The slightest weakening of the central authority provoked acts of defiance from the Katehriya Rajputs. Thus the Mughals allotted lands for Afghan settlements in Katiher to weaken the rebels. Afghan settlements continued to be encouraged throughout the reign of Aurangzeb (1658–1707) and beyond. These Afghans, known as the Rohilla Afghans, caused the area to be known as Rohilkhand. Originally, some 20,000 soldiers from various Pashtun Tribes (Yusafzais, Lodis, Ghilzai, Barech, Marwat, Durrani, Tanoli, Tarin, Kakar, Khattak, Afridi and Baqarzai) were hired by Mughals, which was appreciated by Aurangzeb Alamgir. An additional force of 25,000 men was given respected positions in Mughal Army. Most settled in the Katehar region during Nadir Shah’s invasion of northern India in 1739, increasing their population to 100,0000.

Another culturally significant temple is the Chunne Miyan’s Lakshmi Narayan Temple (located in Katra Manrya street near Bara Bazar). Its origin dates to independence in 1947. These Hindu migrants built a small place of worship among existing ruins but later discovered that the place belonged to Fazal-ul-Rahman, whose nickname was ‘Chunne Miyan’. He filed a claim against the illegal occupation of the land. Meanwhile, the proceedings of the temple continued. Once, HarMilapi ji Maharaj came from Haridwar to deliver a holy Sermon. Chunne Miyan was so impressed that he decided not only to withdraw the case but also gave financial aid for the construction of the temple. Since then the temple is popularly known as chunne miyan’s mandir’ and is situated in the Katra maanrai region of Koharapeer.

Today, the institute contributes immensely to human resource development in the discipline of veterinary sciences with skills and knowledge necessary for the challenges of the new millennium. It awards master and doctoral degrees in more than 20 disciplines of veterinary and animal sciences, livestock products technology, basic sciences and extension education. To impart continuing education to field veterinarians, the institute also conducts diploma courses in veterinary preventive medicine, animal husbandry, veterinary biological products, animal reproduction, poultry husbandry, medicine and surgery, zoo and wild animal health care and management, meat and meat products technology.

Bareilly is well-connected with the rest of the country through railways from the 19th century. An official map of 1909 shows that Bareilly was a prominent railway junction during the 20th century. Six railway tracks intersect in the city. In 1890, the Bengal and North Western Railway took over management of the Tirhoot State Railway (under a lease) in an effort to increase the latter’s profitability. The Lucknow-Sitapur-Seramow Provincial State Railway merged with the Bareilly-Pilibheet Provincial State Railway to form the Lucknow-Bareilly Railway on 1 January 1891. The Lucknow-Bareilly Railway was owned by the Government of India and worked by the Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway.

The country is burdened with a crowd of lazy, profligate, self-called sawars (cavaliers), who, though many of them are not worth a rupee, conceive it derogatory to their gentility and Pathan blood to apply themselves to any honest industry, and obtain for the most part a precarious livelihood by sponging on the industrious tradesmen and farmers, on whom they levy a sort of blackmail, or as hangers-on to the wealthy and noble families yet remaining in the province. These men have no visible means of maintenance, and no visible occupation except that of lounging up and down with their swords and shields, like the ancient Highlanders, whom in many respects they much resemble.

Bareilly is an educational hub of western Uttar Pradesh, with multiple universities and research institutes. Bareilly is a seat of M. J. P. Rohilkhand University and hosts Indian Veterinary Research Institute and Central Avian Research Institute. (in Izzatnagar). The city hosts numerous Engineering Colleges (Institute of Engineering & Technology, A Govt Engineering College at M. J. P. Rohilkhand University Campus), Management Colleges, Law Colleges, Medical Colleges and other colleges run general courses. Bareilly College, located in the heart of city, is among the oldest educational institutions in India, built prior to the Revolt of 1857. It even has historical importance.

In 1623 two Afghan brothers of the Barech tribe, Shah Alam and Husain Khan, settled in the region, bringing with them many other Pashtun settlers. With the immigration of Daud Khan, an Afghan slave (who originally hailed from Roh in Afghanistan), the Afghan Rohillas came into prominence. His adopted son Ali Muhammad Khan succeeded in carving out an estate for himself in the district with his headquarters in the region. He was ultimately made the lawful governor of Kateher by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir (ruled 1658–1707) and the region was henceforth called “the land of the Ruhelas.” After the end of the Mughal Empire many Pathans migrated from Rohilkhand.

Santosh Gangwar is a prominent leader and former Member of Parliament from the city of Bareilly, who was the MP for 20 years (1989–2009). He was a former minister of state in Government of India, holding the portfolio of Minister of State for Petroleum & Natural Gas with additional charge of Parliament Affairs in 13th Lok Sabha minister of state in Government of India. Prior to this, Shri Gangwar was Minister of State of Science & Technology with additional charge of Parliamentary Affairs from October 1999 to November 1999. He was chief whip of the of BJP in 14th Lok Sabha. He faced defeat in the 15th Lok Sabha Elections, 2009 by a very narrow margin.

This was built in 1952. It is also known as Dakshin Mukhi Hanuman Mandir. Several thousand devotees visit Lord Hanuman every Tuesday and Saturday. Baba Ramdas blessed the temple and was the main person behind its establishment. It is managed by “Baba Ramdas Hanuman Mandir Trust” whose patron is Shri. S.K. Agarwal (Guruji), President is Shri. Rajesh Agarwal and Secretary is Architect Sumit Agarwal. Since last 60 years on its anniversary, 108 Shri Ram CharitrManas Navahan Paath are held. The campus has a Shiva Mandir with Narmadeshwar Shivling.

At the beginning of the thirteenth century, when the Delhi Sultanate was firmly established, Katehr was divided into the provinces of Sambhal and Budaun. But the thickly forested country, infested with wild animals, provided just the right kind of shelter for rebels. Katehr became famous for rebellions against imperial authority. The Sultanate period featured frequent rebellions in Katehr. All were ruthlessly crushed. Sultan Balban (1266–1287) ordered vast tracts of jungle to be cleared so as to make the area unsafe for the insurgents.

The city has many arts and cultural organizations, with art galleries and theaters all around the city. The ‘Craft Fair’ organized each year at YugVeena Library helps artists get recognition. Strongly influenced by the city’s immigrants from nearby regions, Bareilly has a mix of different cultures including Brij culture (of Mathura), Awadhi culture (of Lucknow), Pahaari culture of Kumaun region (Uttrakhand) and Harayanvi Culture (of North-West Uttar Pradesh). Bareilly also hosts Fashion Shows to demonstrate the area’s unique style.

The Panchal coins were minted at Bareilly and the surrounding areas during 176–166 BC. Kushan and Gupta kings established mints in the region that continued into the Christian era. The Adi Vigraha and Shree Vigraha coins of the Pratihara Kings that were minted here between the 4th and 9th centuries were found at Ganga Ghati. Dating to this period are also silver coins similar to those of Peroz III. The city’s continuing status as a Mint town was helped by the fact that Bareilly was disturbed only during the Independence Struggle.

A Passport Office, opened in 1983 as a subordinate office of Ministry of External Affairs under the supervision of India’s Central Passport Organization. Passport issuance is a central subject under the Indian Constitution and is allotted to the Ministry of External Affairs. This office deals with the issue of passport/travel documents to the citizens of 12 districts of Uttar Pradesh i.e. Bareilly, Shahjahanpur, Pilibhit, Badaun, Moradabad, Rampur, Bijnor, Jyotiba Phule Nagar, Firozabad, Kashi Ram Nagar, Etah & Mainpuri.

Panchala reemerged at this time as one of the strongest powers in India. About 25 kings who ruled during this period produced thousands of surviving coins. During the period between the fall of the Mauryas and the rise of the Guptas, the Panchalas had two phases of power – first the pre-Kushan phase, from c. 150 BC to CE 125 and later about fifty years after the fall of the Kushanas, which ended c. CE 350 when Panchala was assimilated into the Gupta empire by Samudragupta. Ahichatra became a province in the Gupta empire.

During the British period nothing was done until the mutiny started. The city remained under revolutionary siege for almost a year. Afterwards hundreds of revolutionaries faced summary trials and were executed. Later they were medically examined before and after execution. A makeshift medical examination facility was erected near Kotwali area in the city, with almost half a dozen sweepers to assist the medical examination process of the injured and the dead. This facility grew into the city’s major health care facility.

This temple is situated in the central part of the town on the Macnair Road. According to myth Lord Shiva – Trivati Nath foretold his first appearance under the three Banyan trees in dense panchal area in the dream of a shepherd. On awakening shepherd found a beautiful Shiv Lingam near the roots of three Banyan trees. This way according to Hindu calendar Vikram Samvat 1474 is the Emerging(Prakatya) year of Baba Trivati Nath ji Bhagwan in the form of a natural Shiv. This place gradually became the center of worship.

The main conflict occurred largely in the upper Gangetic plain and central India, with major hostilities confined to present-day Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, northern Madhya Pradesh and the Delhi region. The rebellion posed a considerable threat to British East Indian Company power in that region. It was contained only with the fall of Gwalior on 20 June 1858. Some regard the rebellion as the first of several movements over ninety years to achieve independence, which was finally achieved in 1947.

In research ordered by Glyn asking Ghulam Yahya to write an account about ‘craftsmen, the names of tools of manufacture and production and their dress and manners’, eleven trades found out to be most popular means of livelihood in and around Bareilly in the 1820s were glass manufacture, manufacture of glass bangles, manufacture of lac bangles, crimping, gram parching, wire drawing, charpoy weaving, manufacture of gold and silver thread, keeping a grocer’s shop, making jewellery and selling kababs.

The city of Bareilly was founded in 1537 by Basdeo, a Katehriya Rajput. The city is mentioned in the histories for the first time by Budayuni who writes that one Husain Quli Khan was appointed the governor of ‘Bareilly and Sambhal’ in 1568. The divisions and revenue of the district “being fixed by Todar Mal” were recorded by Abul Fazl in 1596. The foundation of the ‘modern’ City of Bareilly was laid by Mukrand Rai in 1657. In 1658, Bareilly was made the headquarters of the province of Budaun.

After the death of Harsha this region fell into anarchy and confusion. In the second quarter of the eighth century CE the district was included in the kingdom of Yashavarman (725–52 CE) of Kannauj and after him the Ayudha kings also Kannauj became the masters of the district for several decades. With the rise of the power of the Gurjara-Pratiharas in the 9th century, Bareilly came under their sway. It continued under their subordination until the end of the tenth century.

The street system in Bareilly is laid out in a traditional unplanned system, with most roads oriented towards different cities. The zero point is the intersection of Nainital Road and Bada Bazaar – Shyamganj Road at a crossroad called “Kutubkhana”. Kutubkhana is a congested street and the entry of cars or heavy vehicles is barred in the daytime. The Patel Chowk – Chaupla Road or the Chowki Chauraha – Chaupla Road goes from Lucknow Road to Delhi Road National Highway 24.

The temple complex beyond the inner gate consists of several buildings with a kind of courtyard in the center. Large and small shrines are there, some within buildings and some outside. Devotees go from one shrine to the next to make offerings and prayers. Animals of various kinds are around the place. Cows and goats are tethered and behind one of the buildings is a camel. Pakaria Nath temple is another famous temple in Bareilly. It is placed in bhoor thana premnager.

The Lok Adalat try only those cases which were not presented in regular courts. Any aggrieved person can register a complaint by presenting a simple application. The presiding officers first try to settle the case by mutual understanding. Absent satisfaction the case is decided on merit within 60 days. The most significant aspect of permanent lok adalats is the absence of court and other fees and that no appeals are allowed. The verdict would have full recognition.

Following the arrival of multinational corporations in the city, a significant capital infusion and various investments occurred in different sectors. Bareilly hosts most major global apparel brands including United Colors of Benetton Adidas, Reebok, Levi’s, Van Heusen, Wrangler, Red Tape, Blackberry, Mufti, fabindia, woodland, U.S Polo, John Player. Reebok and Nike operate outlet stores. Major shopping areas include Civil Lines and “D.D. Puram”.

The Oudh and Tirhut Railway was formed on 1 January 1943 by the amalgamation of the Bengal and North Western Railway, the Tirhut Railway (BNW worked), the Mashrak-Thawe Extension Railway,(BNW worked), the Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway and the Lucknow-Bareilly Railway (R&K worked). The Oudh and Tirhut Railway was later renamed the Oudh Tirhut Railway and merged with the Assam Railway to form the North Eastern Railway on 14 April 1952.

Popularly known as the Hare Krishna movement, the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) belongs to the Gaudiya-Vaishnava sampradaya, a monotheistic tradition within Vedic, or Hindu, culture. It is based on the Bhagavad-gita, the spiritual teachings of Lord Krishna. According to tradition, this sacred text is over 5,000 years old and documents the conversation between Lord Krishna and his close friend and disciple Arjuna.

Bareilly is known to have moderate climate. The city lies entirely in the Ganges plains. The low-lying Ganges plains provide fertile alluvial soil suitable for agriculture. However, these some lower part of plains are prone to recurrent floods. Bareilly lies on the bank of river Ramganga and there are seven rivers passing through this district. The lower Himalayan range is just 40 km from the river and it lies in north of it.

After the fall of the Gurjara Pretihara, the City was under the rule of local rulers. In the twelfth century it was ruled by different clans of Rajputs referred to by the general name of Katehriyas (Kshatriya) Rajputs. The province was largely held by Rajputs of different clans such as Bachal, Gaur, Chauhan and Rathor. The tract of land forming the subah or province (of Rohilkhand) was formerly called Katehr/Katiher.

Bareilly is, traditionally, a wheat growing belt of Rohilkhand. Corporate giant Hindustan Unilever has undertaken contract farming of rice in Bareilly and Punjab and its success has ensured low-cost, better-quality produce for its customers. The company has expressed interest in extending the experiment, but feels an enabling environment in terms of agriculture laws and infrastructure facilities is required.

Bareilly is the regimental centre and a major settlement of the Jat Regiment, which is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army. It is one of the longest serving and most decorated regiments of the Indian Army. The regiment won 19 battle honours between 1839 to 1947 and post-independence five battle honours, eight Mahavir Chakra, eight Kirti Chakra, 32 Shaurya Chakras, 39 Vir Chakras and 170 Sena Medals.

Bareilly pronunciation (help·info) is a prominent city in Bareilly district in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Standing on the Ramganga river, it is the capital of the Bareilly division and the geographical region Rohilkhand. It is located 252 kilometres (157 mi) north of the state capital, Lucknow and 250 kilometres (155 mi) east of the national capital New Delhi.

In 2009, Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited (UPPCL) allowed private players to be awarded contracts to supply power in nine cities. The same companies will be the outsource points for collecting revenue on behalf of the state government. The system will be implemented in nine cities of the state on a pilot basis. Bareilly, Agra, Kanpur, Moradabad and Gorakhpur will be covered in the first phase.

During the Mutiny of 1857 the Rohillas took an active part against the English, but then were disarmed. Khan Badur Khan Rohilla, the grandson of Hafiz Rahmat Khan formed his own government in Bareilly in 1857. A widespread popular revolt in areas such as Awadh, Bundelkhand and Rohilkhand took place. The rebellion was therefore more than just a military rebellion and it spanned more than one region.

In the 6th century BCE, Panchala was one of the sixteen mahajanapadas of India. The city was also influenced by Gautam Buddha and his followers. The remains of Buddhist monasteries at Ahichatra are quite extensive. Folklore has it that Gautama Buddha once visited the ancient fortress city. Bareilly, historically, was also called Sanjashya, where the Buddha descended from Tushita onto the earth.

Established in 1889, the Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) is one of the premier research institutions dedicated to livestock research and development of the region. The institute has 275 faculty and has a major mandate of research, teaching, consultancy and technology transfer activities. The institute imparts quality post-graduate education to students from across India and from overseas.

Bareilly was a stronghold of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) for 20 years (1989–2009). During this period both the Member of Parliament (MP) and Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) was from BJP. Bareilly witnessed a strong emergence of Hindu nationalism during the last two decades accompanied by the growth of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, Vishva Hindu Parishad and Bajrang Dal in the region.

Bareilly is a centre for the manufacturing of furniture and for trade in cotton, cereal and sugar. The status of the city grew when its name was included in the “Counter Magnets” of the National Capital Region (NCR), a list that also includes Hissar, Patiala, Kota and Gwalior. Bareilly historically was also called Sanjashya, where the Buddha descended from Tushita (heaven) onto the earth.

V. K.Singh is an alumnus of Govt. Inter College, Bareilly. He works as a scientist at Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) Trivandrum, one of Indian Space Research Organization’s major centres. LPSC is responsible for the design and development of liquid rocket engines. He is the recipient of the 2007 Dr Wille Memorial Prize by the National Society of Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power, India.

For another fifty years this facility grew very slowly. The spread of some infectious and contagious diseases later led to growth. It later served wounded British officers and Sepoys during the World War II, then it had an emergency operation theater equipped with a portable X-ray machine to investigate fractures. This costly X-ray diagnosis was available to only white officers and soldiers.

Meanwhile, Ali Muhammad Khan (1737–1749), grandson of Shah Alam, captured the city of Bareilly and made it his capital, later uniting the Rohillas to form the “State of Rohilkhand”, between 1707 and 1720. He rapidly rose to power and got confirmed in possession of the lands he had seized. The Emperor created him a Nawab in 1737 and he was recognised as the governor of Rohilkhand in 1740.

Bareilly is the headquarters of Radha Madhav Sankirtan Mandal, which has branches all across India. It was founded by the late Shree J.R.MALIK & Shree Ashanand Malik and is presently run by Y. K. Malik and S. Malik. Its aim is to spread Banke Bihari awareness through Kirtans, Katha, etc. This mandal has Radha Madhav Public School along with Ashrams and a Hospital at Vrindavan & Barsana.

Historically, the Panchala Kingdom occupied the region east of the Kuru Kingdom between the upper Himalayas and the river Ganga. The country was divided into Uttara-Panchala (Northern Panchala) and Dakshina-Panchala (Southern Panchala). Ahicchattra, in the Aonla region of Bareilly, was the capital of Northern Panchala. The Bareilly region is said to be the birthplace of Draupadi.

Due to the traffic a ‘Bareilly Bypass’ has been approved as the first half of a proposed ‘Ring Road’ around Bareilly. The Union ministry of shipping, road transport and highways has cleared land acquisition for the bypass. The construction of the bypass and six railway overpasses is part of NHDP Phase-III. This section would be built on a BOT (Build, Operate, Transfer) basis.

During the time of Shah Alam II, Bareilly was the headquarters of Rohilla Sardar Hafiz Rehmat Khan and many more coins were issued. After that, the city was in possession of Awadh Nawab Asaf-ud-Daulah. The coins that he issued had Bareilly, Bareilly Aasfabad and Bareilly kite and fish as identification marks. After that, the minting of coins passed to the East India Company.

The amalgamation of multiple religious and popular beliefs may be observed throughout the history of Panchala. In addition to association with the activities of Pravahana Jaivali, Gargayayana, Uddalaka etc., responsible for giving a distinctive touch to later vedic thought, the region was also a prominent centre of popular beliefs such as the cults of Nagas, Yaksas and Vetalas.

Rohilkhand was handed over to the Nawab Vazir of Awadh. From 1774 to 1800, the province was ruled by the Nawabs of Awadh. By 1801, the subsidies due under the various treaties for support of a British force had fallen into hopeless arrears. In order to defray the debt, Nawab Saadat Ali Khan surrendered Rohilkhand to the East India Company by the treaty of 10 November 1801.

Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University (M. J. P. Rohilkhand University), Bareilly came into existence in 1975. It was carved out of the then Agra University. The University imparts non-conventional, professional and technical education through its network of colleges and institutes. It has, over the period, emerged as a pioneering institution in Uttar Pradesh.

As a part of the four-laning of National Highway 24, the highway that connects Uttar Pradesh’s capital Lucknow to New Delhi via Shahjahanpur, Bareilly, Rampur, Moradabad and Ghaziabad, two corporations were awarded separate projects to execute on a Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) toll basis for the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI).

Bareilly lies on Moradabad-Lucknow route. Trains from the north (Jammu Tawi, Amritsar, etc.) and Delhi towards the east and northeast (Gorakhpur, Barauni, Howrah, Guwahati, Dibrugarh, etc.) pass through Bareilly railway station. Bareilly also lies on the route from Uttarakhand to Kasganj and Mathura. Many trains to railway stations in Uttarakhand pass through it.

The 15th Lok Sabha Election for the MP from Bareilly was won by Mr. Praveen Singh Aron (former UP state health minister) of the Indian National Congress. Bareilly always has been a battle ground for the INC and the Saffron Parties. Regional parties such as Samajwadi Party (leadership – Veerpal Singh Yadav) and Bahujan Samaj Party have limited influence.

The Indian government initiated a ten per cent ethanol-blending programme on a pilot basis in Bareilly in Uttar Pradesh and Belgaum in Karnataka. Bareilly also has compressed natural gas CNG and liquid petroleum gas (LPG) outlets operated by Satya Service station. Bareilly became the first district in India to implement India’s bio-fuel standard.

This fast-growing city is also known as Bans-Bareilly. Although Bareilly is a production center for cane (bans) furniture, the name Bans Bareilly is not derived from its big bans market. It is named after two princes, Bansaldev and Baraldev, sons of Jagat Singh Katehriya who founded the city in 1537. It is also known for the Ala Hazrat Dargah.

According to 1901 census of India, the total Pathan population in Bareilly District was 40,779, out of a total population of 1,090,117. Their principal clans were the Yusafzais, Lodis, Ghilzai, Barech, Marwat, Durrani, Tanoli, Tarin, Kakar, Khattak, Afridi and Baqarzai. Other important cities were Rampur, Shahjahanpur, Badaun and others.

The Rohillas, after fifty years’ precarious independence, were subjugated in 1774 by the confederacy of British troops with the nawab of Oudh’s army, which formed a charge against Governor-general Warren Hastings. Their territory was in that year annexed to Oudh. In 1801 the nawab of Oudh ceded it to the Company in commutation of the debt.

Nothing much is known about the present District/Civil Hospital and its growth later. There is no recorded evidence available so far. Right now the city has two medical colleges, one dental college, one ayurvedic college. One More Medical college also shortly expected in association with “Clara Swain” or popularly known as mission hospital.

Mahmud of Ghazni gave a death blow to the decaying Gurjara Pretihara power. After the fall of the Gurjara Pretiharas Ahichatra lost its status as a flourishing cultural centre of the region. The seat of royal power was shifted from Ahichatra to Vodamayuta or modern Badaun according to the Rashtrakuta Chief Lakhanpalas inscription shows.

The Oudh and Tirhut Railway company operated the railway line until 1943 and managed a number of lines until 1943, when it was amalgamated with the Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway and the Lucknow Bareilly Railway. It became the Oudh-Tirhut Railway. All existing contracts were terminated and it became an entirely state-owned enterprise.

At present 21 university departments, 17 Government colleges, 29 Government funded affiliated colleges, 108 self- financing colleges are there. The University runs 36 Post Graduate, 15 under Graduate, 09 Diploma, 20 Post Graduate Diploma, 02 M.Phil and 34 Doctoral Programmes. In most cases syllabi are revised annually.

The Ahmedabad-based ice-cream maker Vadilal has its manufacturing plant for Northern and Eastern India in Bareilly. Vadilal enjoys a 10–12% market share in the Rs 120-crore Delhi market and around 6–8% in the Rs 200-crore eastern market, which includes territories such as Kolkata, Orissa, Jharkhand and Bihar.

There were 669,681 children under age of 0–6 in 2011, a decline of 6.9% compared to the 719,217 of 2001 census. Of total 669,681 male and female were 352,479 and 317,202, respectively. Males represented 52.6%. In 2011, Children under 0–6 formed 15 percent of the population, down from 19.88 percent in 2001.

The M. J. P. Rohilkhand University (1975) and Bareilly College (1837), together with many private colleges and universities, underpin Bareilly’s higher education system. The Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) and Central Avian Research Institute (CARI) are located in the suburb of Izzatnagar.

The “Barra Bazaar” (Market) of Bareilly was widely praised during the Mughal Period. Owing to the popularity of the Market (Bazar) the song “Jhumka Gira Re, Bareilly ke Bazar mein” (from the movie “Mera Saaya” and sung by Asha Bhosle, written by Shakeel Badauni) recalls the name of this market.

Luddhi Manja’ (the glass powder used to coat the string used to fly manja for kite fighting made using a secret recipe of rice, Fevicol and glass. It is in demand in major towns (including Delhi and Mumbai) during Makar Sankranti and Independence Day by the name Bareilly ka Manja.

Very soon ISKCON will create one of the very big and famous temple, known as ISKCON Bareilly. A large plot of land was given to ISKCON Society and its construction has begun. It will be on Pilibhit Road. Bareilly is one of few cities of U.P. and Northern India to have such as temple.

The experiment in non-monarchical form of Government in Panchala was soon engulfed in the growing Magadhan imperialism – first under the Nandas and then under the Mauryas. The fall of the Mauryan empire enabled the emergence of small and independent states in the whole Ganga Valley.

Its headquarters was at Gorakhpur. On 14 April 1952, the Oudh and Tirhut Railway was amalgamated with the Assam Railway and the Kanpur-Achnera section of the Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway to form North Eastern Railway, one of the 16 zones of the Indian Railways.

Bareilly has an average literacy rate of 84%, higher than the national average of 74%, with 90% of the males and 77% of females literate, making it one of the three most literate districts in Uttar Pradesh. The main languages spoken are Hindi, English, Urdu, Punjabi and Kumaoni.

S.R.M. State Government Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital (Since 1972, Affiliated by, Govt. of India, Ministry of H&FW, Deptt. of AYUSH & U.P. State AYUSH Medical Education Department Ministry; With Central Couincil of Indian Medicine, New Delhi; with CSJM Kanpur University)

Muslims constitute 33.89% of the population. They follow different fiqhs (schools of jurisprudence or sects). More than ninety percent follow Sunni Hanafi while ten percent follow Shia Ithna‘ashariyyah. The Sunni Hanafi are subdivided into 75% Barelvi and 25% Deobandi fiqhs.

The Mughal policy of encouraging Afghan settlements for keeping the Katehriyas in check worked only as long as the central government was strong. After Aurangzeb’s death, the Afghans, having themselves become local potentates, began to seize and occupy neighboring villages.

In 2001, Hindus formed 64.81% of population. Other prominent groups include Baniya, Punjabi, Kayasth, Kurmi, jatav and deval PatwaThakurs.The district population has a major part of Gangwar’s falls under the caste Kurmi. It is around 14% of the district population.

The main “Inter-city Satellite Bus Stand” is located just outside the city on the intersection of National Highway 24 and Pilibhit By-pass Road. The Old bus stand in Civil Lines still serves many travelers and state-owned buses traveling from the city towards Delhi.

Under Rahmat Ali Khan, Rohilla power continued to rise, though the area was torn by strife among the rival chieftains and continuous struggles with the neighbouring powers, particularly the Nawab Vazirs of Awadh, the Bangash Nawabs and the Marathas.

IL&FS Transportation Networks Ltd (ITNL) operates the lane expansion project on National Highway 24 between Moradabad and Bareilly. The estimated cost of the project is Rs 1,267 crore. ITNL plans to expand the 121 km section of Moradabad – Bareilly (NH-24).

The Katehriyas are to be noted for their conspicuous role in persistently resisting the onslaught of the Delhi rulers until as late as the time of Akbar. The origin and the rise of the Katehar Rajputs in the region is a mystery and a matter of controversy.

“Surma bareilly waala ankhiyon mein aisa daala”, a song from the movie Kismat and sung by Asha Bhosle and Shamshad Begum refer to Bareilly in the line – “Jhumka Bareilly waala kaanon mein aisa daala. Jhumke ne le li meri jaan, haai re main tere qurbaan.”

The Jain Tirthankara Parshvanath is said to have attained Kaivalya at Ahichatra. The echoes of the Bhagavatas and the Saivas at Ahichhatrra can still be seen in the towering monuments of a massive temple, which is the most imposing structure of the site.

Since India began liberalizing its economy, Bareilly has been one of the fastest growing cities in the region. Trade and commerce have flourished in urban areas and followed diversification, though the rural economy of the district is largely agrarian.

Ali Muhammad was succeeded by Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech (1749–1774), whom he appointed hafiz or regent of Rohilkhand on his deathbed. Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech extended the power of Rohilkhand from Almora in the North to Etawah in the South-West.

Hindi Newspapers including Dainik Jagran, Achuk Shabd, Hindustan, Amar Ujala, Aaj, Dev Prakash Inquilab are printed in the city. English newspapers including the Times of India, the Hindu, Hindustan Times and The Economic Times are available.

After the fall of the Guptas in the latter half of the 6th century BCE the district of Bareilly came under the domination of the Maukharis. Under the emperor (King) Harshvardhan (606–47 AD) the area (district) was part of the Ahichatra Bhukti.

Bareilly was a ruined city and became crowded with unemployed, restless Rohilla Pathans. Many urban cities in Uttar Pradesh were experiencing economic stagnation and poverty. This led to heavy migration overseas to Suriname and Guyana.

The state government has constituted permanent Lok Adalat in Bareilly to hear cases related to disputes over services such as postal, telephone, power, light and water, medical, insurance, transport and public sanitation and hygiene, etc.

Bareilly is home to many Hindu temples. Four Nath (Shiva) temples are situated on the city’s four corners: the Alakha Nath, Trivati Nath, Madhi Nath and Dhopeshwar Nath temples. So Bareilly are called Nath Nagri.

Bareilly is known for its unique Seekh Kabaabs, which are sold across the old city by numerous small eateries. Minced meat (mostly beef) mixed with spices and aromatic herbs are grilled on skewers over charcoal of ‘Imli (Tamarind)’.

In 2011, Bareilly had population of 898,167 of which male and female were 477,438 and 420,729 respectively. In the 2001 census, Bareilly District recorded a 27.66 percent increase compared to 1991. It is a Yadav dominated region.

Near the Alakhnath Temple is the Tulsi Math. Tulsidas, the acclaimed writer of the Ramacharitamanas, said to have been the re-incarnation of Valmiki, the author of the Ramayana, made this site his home sometime around 1600 CE.

Bareilly has an Amusement park and a water park, Fun City Boond Amusement and Water Park, located inside a single facility. The two parks attract tourists and visitors. They located on University Road within the main city.

Many Bollywood movies including ‘Woh 5 Din’, a suspense thriller, were shot in Bareilly. The 2005 movie Main, Meri Patni Aur Woh describes Rajpal Yadav (Mitlesh)’s wife Veena (Rituparna Sengupta) coming from Bareilly.

The temple is dedicated to Lord Doopeshwarnath. The site is the birth site of Draupadi and Dhrishtadyumna in the Mahabharata era. Both Draupadi and Dhrishtadyumna were considered to be born by the grace of Lord Shiva.

Indian Air Force has a base (called Trishul Air-base) at Izzatnagar on the outskirts of Bareilly. It is not open to civilians and does not permit civilian flights except for some high government officials.

Every Lok Adalat has three judicial officials. These officials register, admit and hear the cases for the permanent lok adalat. The head of the panel is the chairman, who is a retired district judge.

Delhi-based Engineering firm ‘Era Infra’ has been awarded Rs 1,951 crore 4-laning project for the Bareilly -Sitapur. Construction on the project has commenced and is expected to be completed by 2013.

The city is also famous for its zari work (a type of embroidery or fabric decoration), dari (a common type of carpet used in most Indian houses), jhumka, intricate earrings or ear-pendants, surma (Kohl.

Historically, the Bareilly region was first mentioned in the time of the Mahabharata. The fortress of Ahichatra was an important cultural, political and religious center through the ancient period.

Nainital Road (including the Pilibhit By-pass Road) and Badaun Road also starts from Kutubkhana. Heavy traffic is allowed on these roads only from ‘Koharapeer Sabji-Mandi’ and ‘Chaupla Crossroads’.

Indira Gandhi International Airport in New Delhi, about 250 km to the west, is the nearest large airport. The airport at Pantnagar, about 70 km north of Bareilly, has a direct flight to New Delhi.

Coin of Agnimitra, showing the depiction of Agni with flaming hair on the obverse and a reverse showing the three dynastic symbols of the Panchala rulers and a legend naming the king: Agimitasa.

Renowned Ayurveda Institute, one of the oldest Ayurvedic educational institution in India underlines Bareilly’s educational front. It even has historical importance. Rohilkhand Medical College

This is the oldest temple of the city, near Bsa office subhash nagar Veer bhatti ground near railway station. Both modern and old activities are performed there.

An excellent truck stationing and repair facility known as “Transport Nagar” has also been developed on the Pilibhit By-pass Road (National Highway 74), serving lorries and hauliers.

HT Media Ltd opened printing facilities in Bareilly, printing its Hindi newspaper “Hindustan” starting 10 October 2009, catering to the Rohilkhand area of western Uttar Pradesh.

A 1912 map of ‘Northern India The Revolt of 1857–59’ showing the centres of rebellion including the principal ones: Meerut, Delhi, Bareilly, (Kanpur), Lucknow, Jhansi and Gwalior